Mass in Time of War, also known as Missa in Tempore Belli or Mass in Time of Conflict, is a musical composition by the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn. It was composed in 1796 during the Napoleonic Wars, hence the title refers to the wartime theme. The mass is scored for four vocal soloists, mixed choir, and orchestra.
Haydn composed the Mass in response to Austria's turbulent political situation, particularly the fear of a French invasion. The mass reflects Haydn's feelings of uncertainty and dread, with its dramatic choral sections and military-inspired instrumentation.
The structure of the Mass in Time of War follows that of a traditional Mass, with five sections: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. However, the mass departs from the traditional structure in its emphasis on the choral passages, which are given greater prominence than the solo performance.
Today, the Mass in Time of War is regarded as one of Haydn's masterpieces and a powerful expression of the anxiety, fear, and hope of people living in wartime.
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